日本水稻化肥减量施用的经验与启示

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2018.01.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在我国的水稻生产中，化肥投入过量、肥料使用效率低是突出的问题。日本在20世纪90年代以前，水稻生产也采用高肥料投入的栽培方法，之后肥料施用量显著下降，肥料施用效率明显提高，而水稻产量在保持稳定的基础上略有增长。本文梳理了日本水稻生产化肥减量背后的社会经济环境的变化、政策的驱动和技术的推进情况，并针对我国水稻生产现状，分析了推动我国化肥减量的主要因素及可能实现的途径。

关键词: 水稻, 化肥减量, 日本, 中国

Abstract: Excessive chemical fertilizer inputs and low fertilizer application efficiency are serious problems in paddy rice cultivation in China. Before the 1990s, high-input fertilizer was the dominant approach for paddy rice cultivation in Japan. However, fertilizer input per area has declined significantly and yields have been maintained, resulting in high fertilizer application efficiency. This study introduced socio-economic changes, policy factors and technical developments in fertilizer reduction in paddy rice in Japan, analyzed the main factors to promote China's chemical fertilizer reduction,explored the way of fertilizer reduction in paddy rice in recent China.

Key words: rice, fertilizer reduction, Japan, China

中图分类号:

S511.062

怀燕,陈叶平,毛国娟,许剑锋. 日本水稻化肥减量施用的经验与启示[J]. 中国稻米, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2018.01.002 .

参考文献

[1] Peng S B, Buresh R J, Huang J L, et al. Improving nitrogen fertilization in rice by site-specific N management: a review [J]. Agron Sustain Dev, 2010, 30（3）: 649-656. [2] 李俊峰，杨建昌. 水分与氮素及其互作对水稻产量和水肥利用效率的影响研究进展[J]. 中国水稻科学，2017，31（3）：327-334. [3] 李芳，冯淑怡，曲福田. 发达国家化肥减量政策的适用性分析及启示[J]. 农业资源与环境学报，2017，34（1）：15-23. [4] Atsuko Tanaka. Moving towards low-input rice cropping practices: past experiences and future challenges for Japan[M]. WS4.4-Transitions towards sustainable agriculture: From farmers to agro-food systems: 1 844-1 854. [5] 王亚梁，朱德锋，张玉屏，等. 日本水稻生产发展变化及对我国的启示[J]. 中国稻米，2016，22（4）：1-7. [6] Megumi Katada, Hiroto Tanaka. Valuing the low fertilizer and agricultural chemical rice produced in creating a habitat for returning Japanese Ibis[J]. Agric Inf Res, 2008, 17（1）: 6-12. [7] 李筱琳，李闯. 日本现代农业环境政策实施路径研究[J]. 世界农业，2014（4）：83-86 [8] Colledani M, Gershwin S B. Review of sustainable agriculture: promotion its challenges and opportunities in Japan[J]. J Resour Ecol, 2013, 4（3）: 6. [9] Matsushima S, Matsuzaki A. Safe and high quality rice cropping based on second Matsushima theory （4）[J]. Agriculture and Horticulture, 1972, 47（9）: 1 271-1 276. [10] Kossonou Guillaume Anzoua, Kashiwagi Junichi, Hasegawa Toshihiro. Genetic improvements for high yield and low soil nitrogen tolerance in rice（Oryza sativa L.） under a cold environment[J]. Field Crop Res, 2010, 116（1-2）: 38-45. [11] 贺冬仙，胡娟秀. 基于叶片光谱透过特性的植物氮素测定[J]. 农业工程学报，2011，27（4）：214-218. [12] Kazuyuki Yagi, Katsuyuki Minami. Challenges of reducing excess nitrogen in Japanese agroecosystems[J]. Sci China Ser C, 2005, 48: 928-936. [13] 任军，闺晓艳. 日本施肥现状及发展趋势[J]. 土壤肥料，1996（3）：20-22. [14] 蒋彭艳. 日本水稻高产农户的栽培技术（述评）[J].浙江农业科学，1979（2）：48-52. [15] Fertilizer almanac 1989[M]. Tokyo: Fertilizer Association Newspaper Department. [16] 黄凰，曹卫华. 水稻多功能插秧机侧向深施肥试验效果分析[J]. 中国农业大学学报，2014，19（4）：150-154. [17] Kanetu Y, Awasaki H, Mural Y. The no-tilling rice culture by single application of fertilizer in a nursery boxes[J]. Jpn J Soil Sci Plant Nutr, 1994, 65: 385-391. [18] Ryoichi Kaneki. Reduction of effluent nitrogen and phosphorus from paddy fields[J]. Paddy Water Environ, 2003, 1: 133-138. [19] 庞乾林，王志刚，林海. 以新理念发展稻米粮食产业确保供求平衡生态美丽[J]. 中国稻米，2016，22（2）：57-60. [20] Rogers E M. Elements of diffusion[M]. New York: Free Press, 2003: 1-38.